Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	23
Number of observations	1874087
Missing cells	3969791
Missing cells (%)	9.2%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	432.5 MiB
Average record size in memory	242.0 B

Variable types

DateTime	1
Numeric	21
Categorical	1

Alerts

`Unit_4_Power` is highly correlated with `Turbine_Guide Vane Opening` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Guide Vane Opening` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Pressure Drafttube` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Pressure Spiral Casing` is highly correlated with `Turbine_Guide Vane Opening`	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Steel tmp` is highly correlated with `Bolt_4_Tensile` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_2_Tensile` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_2_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Tensile` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_3_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Tensile` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_4_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_5_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_4_Tensile`	High correlation
`Bolt_6_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Tensile` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_2_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_3_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_4_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_5_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Tensile` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`lower_bearing_vib_vrt` is highly correlated with `Turbine_Pressure Drafttube` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`turbine_bearing_vib_vrt` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`Unit_4_Power` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Reactive Power` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`Unit_4_Reactive Power` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Guide Vane Opening` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Pressure Drafttube` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Pressure Spiral Casing` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Rotational Speed` is highly correlated with `Bolt_4_Tensile` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Steel tmp` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Tensile` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_2_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_3_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_4_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_5_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_6_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_2_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_3_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_4_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_5_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`lower_bearing_vib_vrt` is highly correlated with `turbine_bearing_vib_vrt`	High correlation
`turbine_bearing_vib_vrt` is highly correlated with `lower_bearing_vib_vrt`	High correlation
`Unit_4_Power` is highly correlated with `Turbine_Guide Vane Opening` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Guide Vane Opening` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Pressure Spiral Casing` is highly correlated with `Turbine_Guide Vane Opening`	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Steel tmp` is highly correlated with `Bolt_2_Torsion` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_2_Tensile` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_2_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Tensile` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_3_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Tensile` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_4_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_5_Tensile`	High correlation
`Bolt_5_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_4_Tensile`	High correlation
`Bolt_6_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Tensile` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Tensile` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_2_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_3_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_4_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_5_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Tensile` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`turbine_bearing_vib_vrt` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power`	High correlation
`Unit_4_Power` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Reactive Power` and 11 other fields	High correlation
`Unit_4_Reactive Power` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Guide Vane Opening` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Pressure Drafttube` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 16 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Pressure Spiral Casing` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`Turbine_Rotational Speed` is highly correlated with `Turbine_Guide Vane Opening` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`mode` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Steel tmp` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Tensile` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 18 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_2_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 17 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_3_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 18 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_4_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 15 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_5_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 16 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_6_Tensile` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 17 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_1_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Reactive Power` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_2_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Bolt_1_Steel tmp` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_3_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Power` and 17 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_4_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Turbine_Pressure Drafttube` and 14 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_5_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Reactive Power` and 13 other fields	High correlation
`Bolt_6_Torsion` is highly correlated with `Unit_4_Reactive Power` and 14 other fields	High correlation
`lower_bearing_vib_vrt` is highly correlated with `Turbine_Pressure Drafttube` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`turbine_bearing_vib_vrt` is highly correlated with `Turbine_Rotational Speed` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Unit_4_Power` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Unit_4_Reactive Power` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Turbine_Guide Vane Opening` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Turbine_Pressure Drafttube` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Turbine_Pressure Spiral Casing` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Turbine_Rotational Speed` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_1_Steel tmp` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_1_Tensile` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_2_Tensile` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_3_Tensile` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_4_Tensile` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_5_Tensile` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_6_Tensile` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_1_Torsion` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_2_Torsion` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_3_Torsion` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_4_Torsion` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_5_Torsion` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`Bolt_6_Torsion` has 124087 (6.6%) missing values	Missing
`lower_bearing_vib_vrt` has 806069 (43.0%) missing values	Missing
`turbine_bearing_vib_vrt` has 806069 (43.0%) missing values	Missing
`Turbine_Rotational Speed` is highly skewed (γ1 = -33.27484819)	Skewed
`turbine_bearing_vib_vrt` is highly skewed (γ1 = 75.51677077)	Skewed
`timepoints` has unique values	Unique
`Unit_4_Reactive Power` has 250525 (13.4%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-03-07 09:17:40.480154
Analysis finished	2022-03-07 09:24:34.774233
Duration	6 minutes and 54.29 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.1.0
Download configuration	config.json

timepoints
Date

UNIQUE

Distinct	1874087
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Minimum	1970-12-19 09:51:44
Maximum	1971-01-25 11:06:48

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Unit_4_Power
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1009985
Distinct (%)	57.7%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	297.7542366

Minimum	0
Maximum	323.3023321
Zeros	5220
Zeros (%)	0.3%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	202.4047217
Q1	306.905898
median	309.8456618
Q3	311.2798767
95-th percentile	311.9127031
Maximum	323.3023321
Range	323.3023321
Interquartile range (IQR)	4.373978713

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	33.87414197
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1137654408
Kurtosis	21.07544903
Mean	297.7542366
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.564250322
Skewness	-3.925917999
Sum	521069914.1
Variance	1147.457494
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
311.3170166	33848	1.8%
311.3356018	25668	1.4%
311.2798767	24049	1.3%
311.4284668	17692	0.9%
311.4099121	16896	0.9%
311.354187	15350	0.8%
311.4656372	13205	0.7%
311.2241516	11247	0.6%
311.2612915	10882	0.6%
311.2055664	10494	0.6%
Other values (1009975)	1570669	83.8%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5220	0.3%
100.0459271	1	< 0.1%
100.1303577	1	< 0.1%
100.2259783	1	< 0.1%
100.329208	1	< 0.1%
100.3928915	1	< 0.1%
100.5310494	1	< 0.1%
100.6236031	1	< 0.1%
100.8138256	1	< 0.1%
100.8844499	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
323.3023321	1	< 0.1%
323.1609248	1	< 0.1%
323.1358484	1	< 0.1%
322.9969142	1	< 0.1%
322.8718605	1	< 0.1%
322.8329036	1	< 0.1%
322.668893	1	< 0.1%
322.6078725	1	< 0.1%
322.5048824	1	< 0.1%
322.3438845	1	< 0.1%

Unit_4_Reactive Power
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING
ZEROS

Distinct	1497381
Distinct (%)	85.6%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.989380215

Minimum	-38.1166523
Maximum	49.10231842
Zeros	250525
Zeros (%)	13.4%
Negative	194550
Negative (%)	10.4%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-38.1166523
5-th percentile	-7.928708852
Q1	0
median	6.300166645
Q3	11.17088322
95-th percentile	17.31713411
Maximum	49.10231842
Range	87.21897071
Interquartile range (IQR)	11.17088322

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	8.155809611
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.361711783
Kurtosis	1.804237267
Mean	5.989380215
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	5.447398354
Skewness	-0.3736303482
Sum	10481415.38
Variance	66.51723042
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	250525	13.4%
11.13646126	72	< 0.1%
12.93835735	49	< 0.1%
-6.715314388	46	< 0.1%
7.541957378	44	< 0.1%
10.25408936	35	< 0.1%
5.442841053	34	< 0.1%
5.749349117	34	< 0.1%
4.876265526	34	< 0.1%
24.32559776	29	< 0.1%
Other values (1497371)	1499098	80.0%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-38.1166523	1	< 0.1%
-38.06590861	1	< 0.1%
-37.99944586	1	< 0.1%
-37.93298311	1	< 0.1%
-37.86652036	1	< 0.1%
-37.74219291	1	< 0.1%
-37.52609286	1	< 0.1%
-37.43764567	1	< 0.1%
-37.12016598	1	< 0.1%
-37.11799446	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
49.10231842	1	< 0.1%
48.87858537	1	< 0.1%
48.80538444	1	< 0.1%
48.48996515	1	< 0.1%
48.47022665	1	< 0.1%
48.13506886	1	< 0.1%
48.10134493	1	< 0.1%
47.79991107	1	< 0.1%
47.71272471	1	< 0.1%
47.43891215	1	< 0.1%

Turbine_Guide Vane Opening
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1402127
Distinct (%)	80.1%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	91.05909656

Minimum	0
Maximum	96.18052034
Zeros	38
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	67.38302571
Q1	93.31226244
median	94.04115003
Q3	94.484375
95-th percentile	94.84641552
Maximum	96.18052034
Range	96.18052034
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.172112556

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	8.714152685
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.09569777226
Kurtosis	28.33090308
Mean	91.05909656
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.4949990462
Skewness	-4.37707176
Sum	159353419
Variance	75.93645701
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
94.49375153	28931	1.5%
94.00624847	13717	0.7%
94.73125458	13052	0.7%
94.24375153	10176	0.5%
94.25624847	9103	0.5%
93.76875305	8988	0.5%
94.47812653	8620	0.5%
94.42812347	7952	0.4%
94.02187347	7804	0.4%
94.49687958	7794	0.4%
Other values (1402117)	1633863	87.2%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	38	< 0.1%
0.008600623439	1	< 0.1%
0.9096623351	1	< 0.1%
0.9159646852	1	< 0.1%
0.9222670352	1	< 0.1%
0.9285693853	1	< 0.1%
0.9348717353	1	< 0.1%
0.9411740854	1	< 0.1%
0.9474764355	1	< 0.1%
0.9506171724	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
96.18052034	1	< 0.1%
96.17994576	1	< 0.1%
96.17987819	1	< 0.1%
96.17898249	1	< 0.1%
96.17831803	1	< 0.1%
96.17815946	1	< 0.1%
96.17637316	1	< 0.1%
96.17610478	1	< 0.1%
96.1760064	1	< 0.1%
96.17562104	1	< 0.1%

Turbine_Pressure Drafttube
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	157.7164612

Minimum	135.3587107
Maximum	273.4938392
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	135.3587107
5-th percentile	145.7232779
Q1	148.8042407
median	151.6418337
Q3	156.6875506
95-th percentile	218.8935253
Maximum	273.4938392
Range	138.1351284
Interquartile range (IQR)	7.883309872

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	19.09087877
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1210455689
Kurtosis	7.797569575
Mean	157.7164612
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.43053616
Skewness	2.914216348
Sum	276003807.1
Variance	364.4616522
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
173.955216	1	< 0.1%
148.5086186	1	< 0.1%
148.7775485	1	< 0.1%
148.8770578	1	< 0.1%
148.9765672	1	< 0.1%
149.0760766	1	< 0.1%
149.0827086	1	< 0.1%
148.9437262	1	< 0.1%
148.8029943	1	< 0.1%
148.6622624	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
135.3587107	1	< 0.1%
135.6249435	1	< 0.1%
135.7191445	1	< 0.1%
135.8987052	1	< 0.1%
136.1724669	1	< 0.1%
136.4462286	1	< 0.1%
136.4792851	1	< 0.1%
136.6728658	1	< 0.1%
136.7319851	1	< 0.1%
136.8256205	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
273.4938392	1	< 0.1%
272.6990992	1	< 0.1%
270.0790287	1	< 0.1%
270.0569608	1	< 0.1%
270.0071045	1	< 0.1%
269.945744	1	< 0.1%
269.4462434	1	< 0.1%
269.4420098	1	< 0.1%
269.1895664	1	< 0.1%
269.089161	1	< 0.1%

Turbine_Pressure Spiral Casing
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1749996
Distinct (%)	> 99.9%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5312.68101

Minimum	3621.802561
Maximum	5512.771511
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3621.802561
5-th percentile	5285.030474
Q1	5298.511469
median	5303.461626
Q3	5316.882461
95-th percentile	5388.68032
Maximum	5512.771511
Range	1890.96895
Interquartile range (IQR)	18.37099173

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	29.90342779
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.005628688743
Kurtosis	49.58220875
Mean	5312.68101
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6.594533398
Skewness	0.2229312971
Sum	9297191767
Variance	894.2149938
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5303.397525	2	< 0.1%
5303.387409	2	< 0.1%
5303.377292	2	< 0.1%
5303.367176	2	< 0.1%
5310.799181	1	< 0.1%
5309.956679	1	< 0.1%
5309.904585	1	< 0.1%
5310.083669	1	< 0.1%
5310.264621	1	< 0.1%
5310.445573	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749986)	1749986	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3621.802561	1	< 0.1%
3959.367032	1	< 0.1%
3966.468732	1	< 0.1%
4021.364565	1	< 0.1%
4115.01499	1	< 0.1%
4187.651497	1	< 0.1%
4228.49247	1	< 0.1%
4308.256916	1	< 0.1%
4384.66345	1	< 0.1%
4388.203379	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5512.771511	1	< 0.1%
5512.564355	1	< 0.1%
5512.325457	1	< 0.1%
5512.314157	1	< 0.1%
5512.08656	1	< 0.1%
5511.847663	1	< 0.1%
5511.591262	1	< 0.1%
5511.211505	1	< 0.1%
5510.868368	1	< 0.1%
5510.145473	1	< 0.1%

Turbine_Rotational Speed
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING
SKEWED

Distinct	1622104
Distinct (%)	92.7%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	107.9520735

Minimum	0.6264305743
Maximum	108.3687515
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.6264305743
5-th percentile	107.9135464
Q1	108.0112508
median	108.0552881
Q3	108.0889136
95-th percentile	108.1635349
Maximum	108.3687515
Range	107.742321
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.07766285212

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.902934824
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.02689095938
Kurtosis	1142.864152
Mean	107.9520735
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.03783035989
Skewness	-33.27484819
Sum	188916128.7
Variance	8.42703059
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
108.0562515	48552	2.6%
108.0374985	37531	2.0%
108.0687485	20441	1.1%
108.0437546	5399	0.3%
107.9000015	3599	0.2%
108	3023	0.2%
108.0750046	2412	0.1%
108.2125015	1199	0.1%
107.8000031	1199	0.1%
107.8187485	1199	0.1%
Other values (1622094)	1625446	86.7%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6264305743	1	< 0.1%
0.6485792195	1	< 0.1%
0.6707278646	1	< 0.1%
0.6928765098	1	< 0.1%
0.7150251549	1	< 0.1%
0.7371738001	1	< 0.1%
0.7593224452	1	< 0.1%
0.7814710904	1	< 0.1%
0.8036197355	1	< 0.1%
0.8257683807	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
108.3687515	599	< 0.1%
108.3687442	1	< 0.1%
108.3677251	1	< 0.1%
108.3655792	1	< 0.1%
108.3634329	1	< 0.1%
108.3612865	1	< 0.1%
108.3591401	1	< 0.1%
108.3569938	1	< 0.1%
108.3548474	1	< 0.1%
108.3529029	1	< 0.1%

mode
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	117.9 MiB

operation	1868659
start	5428

Length

Max length	9
Median length	9
Mean length	8.988414625
Min length	5

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	operation
2nd row	operation
3rd row	operation
4th row	operation
5th row	operation

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
operation	1868659	99.7%
start	5428	0.3%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
operation	1868659	99.7%
start	5428	0.3%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

Bolt_1_Steel tmp
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.185046972

Minimum	2.402152403
Maximum	4.611985458
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2.402152403
5-th percentile	2.458961191
Q1	2.805073628
median	3.176575844
Q3	3.505449649
95-th percentile	4.005146714
Maximum	4.611985458
Range	2.209833055
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.700376021

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.4765674752
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1496265139
Kurtosis	-0.3905919406
Mean	3.185046972
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.3406229853
Skewness	0.2768017746
Sum	5573832.202
Variance	0.2271165584
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.133996265	1	< 0.1%
3.404988199	1	< 0.1%
3.411130806	1	< 0.1%
3.40983443	1	< 0.1%
3.410552883	1	< 0.1%
3.410204854	1	< 0.1%
3.409254447	1	< 0.1%
3.408071075	1	< 0.1%
3.406781427	1	< 0.1%
3.406063116	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.402152403	1	< 0.1%
2.402194718	1	< 0.1%
2.402227631	1	< 0.1%
2.40223179	1	< 0.1%
2.402299984	1	< 0.1%
2.402336932	1	< 0.1%
2.402427135	1	< 0.1%
2.402502969	1	< 0.1%
2.402528896	1	< 0.1%
2.402550152	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.611985458	1	< 0.1%
4.611737084	1	< 0.1%
4.611481848	1	< 0.1%
4.611148623	1	< 0.1%
4.611059387	1	< 0.1%
4.610971023	1	< 0.1%
4.610854444	1	< 0.1%
4.610783592	1	< 0.1%
4.610511355	1	< 0.1%
4.610351366	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_1_Tensile
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1613.279392

Minimum	1522.556555
Maximum	1640.509705
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1522.556555
5-th percentile	1601.316467
Q1	1604.473336
median	1611.077385
Q3	1618.607052
95-th percentile	1634.537949
Maximum	1640.509705
Range	117.9531501
Interquartile range (IQR)	14.13371575

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	10.63793685
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.00659398298
Kurtosis	0.7401239958
Mean	1613.279392
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	7.173343379
Skewness	0.508305651
Sum	2823238937
Variance	113.1657005
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1598.48139	1	< 0.1%
1618.207407	1	< 0.1%
1618.213005	1	< 0.1%
1618.211214	1	< 0.1%
1618.230514	1	< 0.1%
1618.220018	1	< 0.1%
1618.220179	1	< 0.1%
1618.228924	1	< 0.1%
1618.232789	1	< 0.1%
1618.246639	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1522.556555	1	< 0.1%
1523.662082	1	< 0.1%
1524.096743	1	< 0.1%
1524.566894	1	< 0.1%
1525.209162	1	< 0.1%
1525.405871	1	< 0.1%
1525.711027	1	< 0.1%
1526.08998	1	< 0.1%
1526.331699	1	< 0.1%
1526.432426	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1640.509705	1	< 0.1%
1640.504417	1	< 0.1%
1640.499263	1	< 0.1%
1640.489995	1	< 0.1%
1640.48998	1	< 0.1%
1640.488138	1	< 0.1%
1640.486922	1	< 0.1%
1640.471037	1	< 0.1%
1640.469	1	< 0.1%
1640.467869	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_2_Tensile
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1490.365362

Minimum	1425.511174
Maximum	1505.45494
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1425.511174
5-th percentile	1482.892944
Q1	1484.862421
median	1489.436049
Q3	1493.729896
95-th percentile	1503.28517
Maximum	1505.45494
Range	79.94376588
Interquartile range (IQR)	8.867474753

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	6.480422689
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.00434821075
Kurtosis	2.406608923
Mean	1490.365362
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4.433842579
Skewness	0.1449257944
Sum	2608139384
Variance	41.99587823
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1480.989917	1	< 0.1%
1493.352266	1	< 0.1%
1493.355012	1	< 0.1%
1493.358591	1	< 0.1%
1493.345825	1	< 0.1%
1493.3368	1	< 0.1%
1493.350303	1	< 0.1%
1493.348812	1	< 0.1%
1493.341376	1	< 0.1%
1493.350925	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1425.511174	1	< 0.1%
1425.632422	1	< 0.1%
1426.169392	1	< 0.1%
1426.441391	1	< 0.1%
1426.537843	1	< 0.1%
1426.828825	1	< 0.1%
1427.040434	1	< 0.1%
1427.077709	1	< 0.1%
1427.226785	1	< 0.1%
1427.386915	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1505.45494	1	< 0.1%
1505.45436	1	< 0.1%
1505.450313	1	< 0.1%
1505.449747	1	< 0.1%
1505.449681	1	< 0.1%
1505.449643	1	< 0.1%
1505.439901	1	< 0.1%
1505.439737	1	< 0.1%
1505.436802	1	< 0.1%
1505.435305	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_3_Tensile
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1690.255756

Minimum	1665.702272
Maximum	1702.324087
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1665.702272
5-th percentile	1685.132914
Q1	1686.002291
median	1689.644851
Q3	1692.937857
95-th percentile	1699.1926
Maximum	1702.324087
Range	36.62181436
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.935566244

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.674528001
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.002765574372
Kurtosis	-0.6365725843
Mean	1690.255756
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.542502031
Skewness	0.5147094372
Sum	2957947572
Variance	21.85121203
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1684.247079	1	< 0.1%
1693.115241	1	< 0.1%
1693.143105	1	< 0.1%
1693.145308	1	< 0.1%
1693.147484	1	< 0.1%
1693.135448	1	< 0.1%
1693.128639	1	< 0.1%
1693.129089	1	< 0.1%
1693.115218	1	< 0.1%
1693.114658	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1665.702272	1	< 0.1%
1665.869544	1	< 0.1%
1665.999697	1	< 0.1%
1666.101029	1	< 0.1%
1666.162304	1	< 0.1%
1666.23105	1	< 0.1%
1666.280529	1	< 0.1%
1666.315549	1	< 0.1%
1666.34003	1	< 0.1%
1666.342513	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1702.324087	1	< 0.1%
1702.323369	1	< 0.1%
1702.310244	1	< 0.1%
1702.306813	1	< 0.1%
1702.305484	1	< 0.1%
1702.305152	1	< 0.1%
1702.30022	1	< 0.1%
1702.298959	1	< 0.1%
1702.297917	1	< 0.1%
1702.293692	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_4_Tensile
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1602.896568

Minimum	1549.426775
Maximum	1608.264342
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1549.426775
5-th percentile	1599.373564
Q1	1602.372687
median	1603.005521
Q3	1603.347662
95-th percentile	1606.369163
Maximum	1608.264342
Range	58.83756659
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.9749749708

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.264478498
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.001412741497
Kurtosis	103.6899413
Mean	1602.896568
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.4939146549
Skewness	-6.14928541
Sum	2805068995
Variance	5.127862869
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1601.359944	1	< 0.1%
1603.41326	1	< 0.1%
1603.415997	1	< 0.1%
1603.425945	1	< 0.1%
1603.429346	1	< 0.1%
1603.425258	1	< 0.1%
1603.436415	1	< 0.1%
1603.429674	1	< 0.1%
1603.422916	1	< 0.1%
1603.425478	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1549.426775	1	< 0.1%
1552.794642	1	< 0.1%
1553.627662	1	< 0.1%
1553.681779	1	< 0.1%
1553.928783	1	< 0.1%
1553.943732	1	< 0.1%
1554.123458	1	< 0.1%
1554.408331	1	< 0.1%
1554.49042	1	< 0.1%
1554.618405	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1608.264342	1	< 0.1%
1608.258578	1	< 0.1%
1608.256255	1	< 0.1%
1608.254293	1	< 0.1%
1608.250929	1	< 0.1%
1608.248372	1	< 0.1%
1608.243641	1	< 0.1%
1608.240286	1	< 0.1%
1608.238261	1	< 0.1%
1608.238231	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_5_Tensile
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1637.421284

Minimum	1587.783506
Maximum	1642.895737
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1587.783506
5-th percentile	1634.457965
Q1	1636.91551
median	1637.457668
Q3	1637.768623
95-th percentile	1640.769686
Maximum	1642.895737
Range	55.11223126
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.8531125678

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.007034258
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.001225728698
Kurtosis	102.1219391
Mean	1637.421284
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.3727212189
Skewness	-5.814423566
Sum	2865487246
Variance	4.028186513
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1635.5857	1	< 0.1%
1637.133235	1	< 0.1%
1637.134181	1	< 0.1%
1637.144921	1	< 0.1%
1637.162256	1	< 0.1%
1637.140685	1	< 0.1%
1637.14882	1	< 0.1%
1637.141754	1	< 0.1%
1637.120305	1	< 0.1%
1637.12933	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1587.783506	1	< 0.1%
1592.846289	1	< 0.1%
1593.479403	1	< 0.1%
1594.048877	1	< 0.1%
1594.150397	1	< 0.1%
1594.705902	1	< 0.1%
1594.944863	1	< 0.1%
1595.027054	1	< 0.1%
1595.079177	1	< 0.1%
1595.181251	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1642.895737	1	< 0.1%
1642.893143	1	< 0.1%
1642.891541	1	< 0.1%
1642.884771	1	< 0.1%
1642.883713	1	< 0.1%
1642.8825	1	< 0.1%
1642.881159	1	< 0.1%
1642.880629	1	< 0.1%
1642.880208	1	< 0.1%
1642.877421	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_6_Tensile
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1749999
Distinct (%)	> 99.9%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1679.709739

Minimum	1608.898629
Maximum	1694.804148
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1608.898629
5-th percentile	1675.197674
Q1	1676.753754
median	1677.957932
Q3	1681.525809
95-th percentile	1688.746165
Maximum	1694.804148
Range	85.90551874
Interquartile range (IQR)	4.772054051

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.540255719
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.002703000175
Kurtosis	23.74065015
Mean	1679.709739
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.652642392
Skewness	-1.17517669
Sum	2939492044
Variance	20.61392199
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1676.665451	2	< 0.1%
1674.848803	1	< 0.1%
1681.749165	1	< 0.1%
1681.771818	1	< 0.1%
1681.772602	1	< 0.1%
1681.771412	1	< 0.1%
1681.770423	1	< 0.1%
1681.782883	1	< 0.1%
1681.790946	1	< 0.1%
1681.779319	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749989)	1749989	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1608.898629	1	< 0.1%
1609.4855	1	< 0.1%
1609.961804	1	< 0.1%
1610.042362	1	< 0.1%
1610.361362	1	< 0.1%
1610.371012	1	< 0.1%
1610.504435	1	< 0.1%
1610.85755	1	< 0.1%
1610.871875	1	< 0.1%
1610.894111	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1694.804148	1	< 0.1%
1694.803815	1	< 0.1%
1694.798371	1	< 0.1%
1694.787269	1	< 0.1%
1694.773863	1	< 0.1%
1694.770364	1	< 0.1%
1694.770325	1	< 0.1%
1694.764145	1	< 0.1%
1694.760149	1	< 0.1%
1694.756176	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_1_Torsion
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	178.4818931

Minimum	175.3435812
Maximum	183.4104736
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	175.3435812
5-th percentile	175.9793868
Q1	176.8118688
median	178.3134175
Q3	179.6520081
95-th percentile	182.5392164
Maximum	183.4104736
Range	8.066892401
Interquartile range (IQR)	2.840139327

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.019695826
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.01131597043
Kurtosis	-0.4007311479
Mean	178.4818931
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.381476585
Skewness	0.7010917208
Sum	312343313
Variance	4.079171228
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
175.7584604	1	< 0.1%
179.1624375	1	< 0.1%
179.1569379	1	< 0.1%
179.1611423	1	< 0.1%
179.1661032	1	< 0.1%
179.1607634	1	< 0.1%
179.1602297	1	< 0.1%
179.1581591	1	< 0.1%
179.1618659	1	< 0.1%
179.1586647	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
175.3435812	1	< 0.1%
175.378532	1	< 0.1%
175.4056047	1	< 0.1%
175.4316641	1	< 0.1%
175.4448773	1	< 0.1%
175.4608533	1	< 0.1%
175.4691863	1	< 0.1%
175.4707372	1	< 0.1%
175.4712722	1	< 0.1%
175.4738491	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
183.4104736	1	< 0.1%
183.410323	1	< 0.1%
183.4094001	1	< 0.1%
183.409156	1	< 0.1%
183.4083843	1	< 0.1%
183.4079877	1	< 0.1%
183.4073432	1	< 0.1%
183.4071537	1	< 0.1%
183.4068824	1	< 0.1%
183.406744	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_2_Torsion
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	165.7813407

Minimum	162.9430179
Maximum	178.8814433
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	162.9430179
5-th percentile	163.038384
Q1	163.2179514
median	164.2139471
Q3	165.5471214
95-th percentile	175.8824486
Maximum	178.8814433
Range	15.93842535
Interquartile range (IQR)	2.329169987

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.113352209
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.02481191303
Kurtosis	1.781098919
Mean	165.7813407
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.010166571
Skewness	1.793270198
Sum	290117346.3
Variance	16.9196664
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
163.956613	1	< 0.1%
165.1905255	1	< 0.1%
165.1892936	1	< 0.1%
165.183759	1	< 0.1%
165.1854751	1	< 0.1%
165.1894893	1	< 0.1%
165.18812	1	< 0.1%
165.1868602	1	< 0.1%
165.1904915	1	< 0.1%
165.1917597	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
162.9430179	1	< 0.1%
162.9432463	1	< 0.1%
162.9437016	1	< 0.1%
162.9449845	1	< 0.1%
162.9450596	1	< 0.1%
162.9451145	1	< 0.1%
162.9458993	1	< 0.1%
162.9465148	1	< 0.1%
162.9468198	1	< 0.1%
162.946855	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
178.8814433	1	< 0.1%
178.7473342	1	< 0.1%
178.725319	1	< 0.1%
178.7143067	1	< 0.1%
178.6972282	1	< 0.1%
178.6781298	1	< 0.1%
178.6710959	1	< 0.1%
178.6672059	1	< 0.1%
178.6595777	1	< 0.1%
178.6537277	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_3_Torsion
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	146.2637473

Minimum	145.715224
Maximum	147.1180314
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	145.715224
5-th percentile	145.8786761
Q1	146.0956022
median	146.3354643
Q3	146.456336
95-th percentile	146.5029057
Maximum	147.1180314
Range	1.402807389
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.3607337796

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2145015408
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.001466539349
Kurtosis	-0.8349961838
Mean	146.2637473
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.15279629
Skewness	-0.5701053591
Sum	255961557.8
Variance	0.04601091099
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
146.2887411	1	< 0.1%
146.188943	1	< 0.1%
146.1918368	1	< 0.1%
146.1965811	1	< 0.1%
146.1917378	1	< 0.1%
146.1949563	1	< 0.1%
146.1938128	1	< 0.1%
146.1920589	1	< 0.1%
146.1916272	1	< 0.1%
146.1867248	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
145.715224	1	< 0.1%
145.7154938	1	< 0.1%
145.7159728	1	< 0.1%
145.7160209	1	< 0.1%
145.7160219	1	< 0.1%
145.7162812	1	< 0.1%
145.7166652	1	< 0.1%
145.7167242	1	< 0.1%
145.716812	1	< 0.1%
145.7169355	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
147.1180314	1	< 0.1%
147.117774	1	< 0.1%
147.1164118	1	< 0.1%
147.1153823	1	< 0.1%
147.1149978	1	< 0.1%
147.1137265	1	< 0.1%
147.113683	1	< 0.1%
147.1129484	1	< 0.1%
147.1109746	1	< 0.1%
147.1108698	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_4_Torsion
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	225.7179442

Minimum	224.3098767
Maximum	226.0518808
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	224.3098767
5-th percentile	225.3388864
Q1	225.6090225
median	225.7665844
Q3	225.8673615
95-th percentile	225.9807611
Maximum	226.0518808
Range	1.742004035
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.2583390325

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.200180336
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.0008868605315
Kurtosis	-0.2610374907
Mean	225.7179442
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1262145365
Skewness	-0.7190875928
Sum	395006402.4
Variance	0.04007216692
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
225.5351697	1	< 0.1%
225.7476448	1	< 0.1%
225.7427307	1	< 0.1%
225.7454286	1	< 0.1%
225.746773	1	< 0.1%
225.7462426	1	< 0.1%
225.7409673	1	< 0.1%
225.7425659	1	< 0.1%
225.7462353	1	< 0.1%
225.7463166	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
224.3098767	1	< 0.1%
224.3737434	1	< 0.1%
224.3978954	1	< 0.1%
224.4151081	1	< 0.1%
224.41933	1	< 0.1%
224.4230077	1	< 0.1%
224.4355138	1	< 0.1%
224.4410244	1	< 0.1%
224.4437647	1	< 0.1%
224.4437794	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
226.0518808	1	< 0.1%
226.0511382	1	< 0.1%
226.0507419	1	< 0.1%
226.0498193	1	< 0.1%
226.0485401	1	< 0.1%
226.048317	1	< 0.1%
226.0480869	1	< 0.1%
226.0479445	1	< 0.1%
226.0477673	1	< 0.1%
226.0476414	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_5_Torsion
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	298.6767971

Minimum	297.7115398
Maximum	301.2224312
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	297.7115398
5-th percentile	297.789422
Q1	298.0816067
median	298.5405256
Q3	299.0896054
95-th percentile	300.2391406
Maximum	301.2224312
Range	3.510891351
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.007998715

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.7708675946
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.00258094235
Kurtosis	0.01106186409
Mean	298.6767971
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.4672881003
Skewness	0.9380951222
Sum	522684394.9
Variance	0.5942368484
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
297.7802085	1	< 0.1%
298.8143775	1	< 0.1%
298.8211308	1	< 0.1%
298.8168367	1	< 0.1%
298.8170942	1	< 0.1%
298.8179926	1	< 0.1%
298.8182037	1	< 0.1%
298.8172839	1	< 0.1%
298.8200136	1	< 0.1%
298.8252147	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
297.7115398	1	< 0.1%
297.7115937	1	< 0.1%
297.7116184	1	< 0.1%
297.7127984	1	< 0.1%
297.7129533	1	< 0.1%
297.7132616	1	< 0.1%
297.7132856	1	< 0.1%
297.7135645	1	< 0.1%
297.7137372	1	< 0.1%
297.7140912	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
301.2224312	1	< 0.1%
301.2203018	1	< 0.1%
301.2193116	1	< 0.1%
301.2184059	1	< 0.1%
301.2183803	1	< 0.1%
301.2182164	1	< 0.1%
301.2175469	1	< 0.1%
301.2172161	1	< 0.1%
301.2169331	1	< 0.1%
301.2168893	1	< 0.1%

Bolt_6_Torsion
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1750000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	124087
Missing (%)	6.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	161.8113645

Minimum	160.8970896
Maximum	162.976624
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	160.8970896
5-th percentile	161.1481426
Q1	161.6467493
median	161.8120858
Q3	162.0740421
95-th percentile	162.3514002
Maximum	162.976624
Range	2.0795344
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.4272928019

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.3447037678
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.002130281571
Kurtosis	-0.3116121044
Mean	161.8113645
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2407468097
Skewness	-0.4736301849
Sum	283169887.9
Variance	0.1188206875
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
161.1480996	1	< 0.1%
162.0544396	1	< 0.1%
162.0617283	1	< 0.1%
162.0589962	1	< 0.1%
162.0585438	1	< 0.1%
162.055692	1	< 0.1%
162.0577664	1	< 0.1%
162.0590497	1	< 0.1%
162.0588858	1	< 0.1%
162.0572106	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1749990)	1749990	93.4%
(Missing)	124087	6.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
160.8970896	1	< 0.1%
160.8976132	1	< 0.1%
160.8988138	1	< 0.1%
160.8994192	1	< 0.1%
160.8996097	1	< 0.1%
160.9013131	1	< 0.1%
160.901675	1	< 0.1%
160.9022539	1	< 0.1%
160.9028623	1	< 0.1%
160.9028874	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
162.976624	1	< 0.1%
162.9676729	1	< 0.1%
162.9608995	1	< 0.1%
162.9523019	1	< 0.1%
162.9442148	1	< 0.1%
162.9353303	1	< 0.1%
162.921599	1	< 0.1%
162.920537	1	< 0.1%
162.9176412	1	< 0.1%
162.9176199	1	< 0.1%

lower_bearing_vib_vrt
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	1068018
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	806069
Missing (%)	43.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.1454601354

Minimum	0.05138795672
Maximum	1.355756061
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.05138795672
5-th percentile	0.1109231054
Q1	0.1363742097
median	0.146724563
Q3	0.155554487
95-th percentile	0.1701840752
Maximum	1.355756061
Range	1.304368104
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.01918027725

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.02508660378
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.172463773
Kurtosis	629.33574
Mean	0.1454601354
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.009476995633
Skewness	17.04865374
Sum	155354.0429
Variance	0.0006293376892
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1724951416	1	< 0.1%
0.1682672292	1	< 0.1%
0.1490280746	1	< 0.1%
0.1439892158	1	< 0.1%
0.1481709258	1	< 0.1%
0.1502288425	1	< 0.1%
0.1541891607	1	< 0.1%
0.1519002253	1	< 0.1%
0.1407354946	1	< 0.1%
0.156135629	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1068008)	1068008	57.0%
(Missing)	806069	43.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.05138795672	1	< 0.1%
0.05167099715	1	< 0.1%
0.05342774736	1	< 0.1%
0.05433658412	1	< 0.1%
0.05638274292	1	< 0.1%
0.05708739015	1	< 0.1%
0.05737469523	1	< 0.1%
0.05766292172	1	< 0.1%
0.05775240277	1	< 0.1%
0.05839368953	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.355756061	1	< 0.1%
1.34008217	1	< 0.1%
1.330238612	1	< 0.1%
1.325803549	1	< 0.1%
1.319440038	1	< 0.1%
1.318587142	1	< 0.1%
1.308208458	1	< 0.1%
1.291531383	1	< 0.1%
1.291493926	1	< 0.1%
1.285068475	1	< 0.1%

turbine_bearing_vib_vrt
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING
SKEWED

Distinct	1068018
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	806069
Missing (%)	43.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.4567642388

Minimum	0.130049381
Maximum	53.16383118
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	14.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.130049381
5-th percentile	0.2507412018
Q1	0.4458939975
median	0.4788168615
Q3	0.4995085754
95-th percentile	0.5322704876
Maximum	53.16383118
Range	53.0337818
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.05361457784

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.242154741
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5301525828
Kurtosis	9478.955423
Mean	0.4567642388
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.023926605
Skewness	75.51677077
Sum	487832.4288
Variance	0.05863891857
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.5008821654	1	< 0.1%
0.489252971	1	< 0.1%
0.4978817175	1	< 0.1%
0.5025128205	1	< 0.1%
0.4947347608	1	< 0.1%
0.4871516799	1	< 0.1%
0.4997074802	1	< 0.1%
0.5033757285	1	< 0.1%
0.4981138624	1	< 0.1%
0.4886005299	1	< 0.1%
Other values (1068008)	1068008	57.0%
(Missing)	806069	43.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.130049381	1	< 0.1%
0.1389867063	1	< 0.1%
0.1407325201	1	< 0.1%
0.1415781055	1	< 0.1%
0.1435576324	1	< 0.1%
0.1439234403	1	< 0.1%
0.1462742053	1	< 0.1%
0.1465964245	1	< 0.1%
0.1505782504	1	< 0.1%
0.1538892387	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
53.16383118	1	< 0.1%
43.79242017	1	< 0.1%
43.26769244	1	< 0.1%
42.20679001	1	< 0.1%
39.39128774	1	< 0.1%
37.4242987	1	< 0.1%
34.99716833	1	< 0.1%
31.72098385	1	< 0.1%
29.76136782	1	< 0.1%
28.32149054	1	< 0.1%

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

The correlation heatmap measures nullity correlation: how strongly the presence or absence of one variable affects the presence of another.

The dendrogram allows you to more fully correlate variable completion, revealing trends deeper than the pairwise ones visible in the correlation heatmap.

First rows

	timepoints	Unit_4_Power	Unit_4_Reactive Power	Turbine_Guide Vane Opening	Turbine_Pressure Drafttube	Turbine_Pressure Spiral Casing	Turbine_Rotational Speed	mode	Bolt_1_Steel tmp	Bolt_1_Tensile	Bolt_2_Tensile	Bolt_3_Tensile	Bolt_4_Tensile	Bolt_5_Tensile	Bolt_6_Tensile	Bolt_1_Torsion	Bolt_2_Torsion	Bolt_3_Torsion	Bolt_4_Torsion	Bolt_5_Torsion	Bolt_6_Torsion	lower_bearing_vib_vrt	turbine_bearing_vib_vrt
0	1970-12-19 09:51:44	262.204308	2.899036	82.279976	173.955216	5310.799181	107.964278	operation	4.133996	1598.481390	1480.989917	1684.247079	1601.359944	1635.585700	1674.848803	175.758460	163.956613	146.288741	225.535170	297.780208	161.148100	NaN	NaN
1	1970-12-19 09:51:45	262.104319	3.344630	82.277248	173.989815	5311.219755	107.964273	operation	4.134078	1598.477449	1480.989528	1684.261611	1601.366508	1635.588478	1674.823883	175.755164	163.951680	146.284164	225.527142	297.771627	161.145094	NaN	NaN
2	1970-12-19 09:51:46	262.004330	3.790223	82.274520	174.024413	5311.640329	107.964269	operation	4.134731	1598.479316	1481.003188	1684.270504	1601.374254	1635.583464	1674.841318	175.764601	163.952007	146.283423	225.522291	297.777115	161.144487	NaN	NaN
3	1970-12-19 09:51:47	261.904340	4.235817	82.271792	174.059012	5312.060902	107.964264	operation	4.134270	1598.490184	1481.028827	1684.270683	1601.383179	1635.581384	1674.843245	175.763157	163.953924	146.283633	225.535827	297.772578	161.144037	NaN	NaN
4	1970-12-19 09:51:48	261.804351	4.064759	82.269064	174.153819	5312.405938	107.964259	operation	4.133583	1598.494073	1481.059017	1684.271062	1601.378391	1635.591746	1674.872300	175.760959	163.951968	146.286946	225.534231	297.774191	161.151967	NaN	NaN
5	1970-12-19 09:51:49	261.704362	3.170510	82.266336	174.422046	5312.533396	107.964254	operation	4.134618	1598.498916	1481.075521	1684.276622	1601.380601	1635.607884	1674.924469	175.757090	163.952534	146.292006	225.531977	297.777180	161.148518	NaN	NaN
6	1970-12-19 09:51:50	261.604373	2.275135	82.263608	174.701145	5312.647213	107.964250	operation	4.136556	1598.494084	1481.092801	1684.291053	1601.386081	1635.615492	1674.965513	175.757416	163.950235	146.286152	225.528883	297.775926	161.141645	NaN	NaN
7	1970-12-19 09:51:51	261.504383	1.379760	82.260880	174.980244	5312.761031	107.964245	operation	4.136061	1598.496775	1481.113092	1684.306545	1601.399183	1635.617892	1674.987875	175.765619	163.950265	146.283837	225.529143	297.777080	161.142129	NaN	NaN
8	1970-12-19 09:51:52	261.404394	0.484385	82.258152	175.259344	5312.874849	107.964240	operation	4.134527	1598.495544	1481.128232	1684.312353	1601.406199	1635.625006	1675.019551	175.766335	163.947296	146.282955	225.528426	297.778951	161.147210	NaN	NaN
9	1970-12-19 09:51:53	261.304405	0.000752	82.255425	175.512390	5312.980966	107.964236	operation	4.134487	1598.512215	1481.140318	1684.325845	1601.403233	1635.647680	1675.048627	175.761973	163.953027	146.284900	225.532589	297.770342	161.150856	NaN	NaN

Last rows

	timepoints	Unit_4_Power	Unit_4_Reactive Power	Turbine_Guide Vane Opening	Turbine_Pressure Drafttube	Turbine_Pressure Spiral Casing	Turbine_Rotational Speed	mode	Bolt_1_Steel tmp	Bolt_1_Tensile	Bolt_2_Tensile	Bolt_3_Tensile	Bolt_4_Tensile	Bolt_5_Tensile	Bolt_6_Tensile	Bolt_1_Torsion	Bolt_2_Torsion	Bolt_3_Torsion	Bolt_4_Torsion	Bolt_5_Torsion	Bolt_6_Torsion	lower_bearing_vib_vrt	turbine_bearing_vib_vrt
1874077	1971-01-25 11:06:39	308.564181	5.991319	94.408981	158.134721	5281.353945	108.057530	operation	4.195021	1637.415051	1504.627128	1701.681264	1606.291004	1640.757472	1690.104363	183.213624	178.080908	145.770720	225.354055	300.676153	160.948932	0.144755	0.495444
1874078	1971-01-25 11:06:40	308.594550	5.665451	94.412318	158.064692	5281.337848	108.057524	operation	4.195037	1637.390548	1504.606888	1701.681730	1606.264350	1640.742364	1690.098270	183.212339	178.081184	145.760906	225.350832	300.670715	160.948432	0.138979	0.491025
1874079	1971-01-25 11:06:41	308.624919	5.237709	94.415655	157.994662	5281.321750	108.057517	operation	4.193991	1637.379589	1504.584609	1701.654435	1606.271535	1640.734883	1690.076644	183.210993	178.083366	145.763441	225.353740	300.679040	160.951065	0.145112	0.486698
1874080	1971-01-25 11:06:42	308.655287	4.809967	94.418992	157.924633	5281.305653	108.057511	operation	4.193066	1637.385160	1504.558810	1701.666022	1606.277246	1640.734150	1690.051294	183.215709	178.078190	145.764820	225.351832	300.677870	160.949463	0.138911	0.495108
1874081	1971-01-25 11:06:43	308.685656	4.382225	94.422329	157.885326	5281.215929	108.057505	operation	4.193901	1637.395516	1504.565687	1701.660031	1606.271519	1640.718269	1690.027884	183.214837	178.083603	145.763042	225.352981	300.671435	160.954983	0.136835	0.497243
1874082	1971-01-25 11:06:44	308.716025	3.974309	94.425666	157.927905	5280.929965	108.057498	operation	4.193937	1637.386115	1504.557822	1701.651420	1606.276545	1640.704071	1690.014705	183.204777	178.082932	145.759475	225.351989	300.667011	160.949816	0.159366	0.491265
1874083	1971-01-25 11:06:45	308.746393	4.103262	94.429003	157.974925	5280.633358	108.057492	operation	4.193254	1637.365865	1504.546091	1701.654301	1606.271877	1640.711250	1690.017029	183.203293	178.082287	145.766584	225.348279	300.674243	160.947868	0.155962	0.497242
1874084	1971-01-25 11:06:46	308.776762	4.472929	94.432340	158.021945	5280.336751	108.057486	operation	4.193261	1637.384133	1504.538696	1701.656143	1606.250028	1640.699142	1690.002008	183.212397	178.081678	145.764007	225.354785	300.674078	160.947644	0.141150	0.501525
1874085	1971-01-25 11:06:47	308.807131	4.842597	94.435677	158.068966	5280.040144	108.057479	operation	4.192795	1637.357141	1504.531582	1701.662201	1606.245665	1640.685782	1689.995135	183.212669	178.080734	145.763103	225.355483	300.675584	160.944036	0.160915	0.508167
1874086	1971-01-25 11:06:48	308.837499	5.212264	94.439014	158.115137	5279.835631	108.057473	operation	4.192640	1637.344985	1504.525065	1701.658131	1606.286286	1640.698392	1690.004759	183.209714	178.084189	145.766948	225.356568	300.675411	160.947503	0.163011	0.512094

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows